【名稱】 防風
【拼音】 Fangfeng
【英文】 Divaricate Saposhnikovia
【拉丁】 Saposhnikoviae Radix
【類別】 根及根莖類
【來源】 傘形科植物防風Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.的乾燥根。
【產地】 主產內蒙古東部地區。
【性狀】 乾燥的根呈圓錐形或紡錘形，稍彎曲，長20~30cm，根頭部直徑約1cm，中部直徑1~1.5cm。表面灰黃色或灰棕色。根頭部有密集的細環節，節上有棕色粗毛，頂端有莖的殘痕；根部外皮皺縮而粗糙，有不整齊的縱皺及細橫紋，除散生汙黃色的橫長皮孔外，點狀突起的鬚根痕也隨處可見。質松而軟，易折斷，斷而不平坦，木部淡黃色，皮部黃棕色有裂隙，射線呈放射狀。氣微香，味微甘。
【品質】 以條粗壯、皮細而緊、無毛頭、斷面有棕色環、中心色淡黃者為佳。
【性味】 辛、甘，微溫。
【功效】 祛風解表，勝濕止痛，止痙。用於治療外感風寒，頭痛，目眩，項強、風寒濕痹，骨節酸痛，四肢攣急，破傷風。
【注解】 “掃帚頭”：指防風根頭頂部的棕色或棕褐色毛狀殘存葉基，形如掃帚。
“蚯蚓頭”：指藥材根頭部的明顯密集的環紋，也稱為“旗杆頂”。
“菊花心”：指藥材橫斷面的紋理，形狀如同開放的菊花。
Chinese Name：防風
Chinese Pinyin：Fangfeng
English Name：Divaricate Saposhnikovia
Latin Pharmaceutical Name：Saposhnikoviae Radix
Category：Roots and rhizomes
Origin：The dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricate (Turcz.) Schischk.(Apiaceae).
Production Regions：Primarily produced in eastern Inner Mongolia.
Macroscopic Features：Cylindrical or fusiform, slightly curved, 20~30cm long, head diameter is about 1cm, middle diameter is 1~1.5cm. Externally grayish-yellowish or grayish-brown. Root head has dense thin ring striations with thick brown hairs; apex has scars of stem; outer skin is wrinkled and rough, with irregular wrinkles and thin horizontal lines; both the scattered dirty-yellow long horizontally-oriented lenticels and the spotty raised scars of rootlets can be seen. Loose and soft texture, easily broken; fractured surface is not smooth; xylem is pale yellow, cortex is yellowish-brown with cracks and radial rays. faintly aromatic odor; slightly sweet taste.
Quality Requirements：Superior medicinal material is thick and strong, thins and tight skin, without hairy head, fractured surface has brown rings and pale yellow center.
Properties：Acrid, sweet; slightly warm.
Functions：Dispels wind to release the exterior pattern, dispels dampness and relieve pain, arrests convulsions. Apply to exterior syndrome due to wind-cold, headache, dizziness, rigid neck, rheumatic arthralgia with wind-cold, joint pain and sour, convulsion of limbs, tetanus.
Technical Terms：'Broom head’: This refers to dark brown or brown hair-like remnants of leaf stem, which is often, seem as the head of fang feng roots, the shape is similar to a broom.
‘Earthworm head’: this refers to obvious dense horizontal striations at the head of root medicinal materials, and is also called ‘flagpole top’.
‘Chrysanthemum heart’: this refers to radial lines seen on the fractured surface of medicinal material, which appear similar to an open chrysanthemum flower; also called ‘chrysanthemum lines’.
資料來源：中醫藥學院
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